“When we are cold recycling with, for example, the KMA 220,” he says, “we are not producing a continuously bound product. Instead, we are producing a stabilized, non-continously bound base material. The aggregates are locked together by finer particles, which carry the foamed binder into place.”

Cost differences are based on the fact that the in-plant foamed mixes require larger quantities of new, virgin aggregate, screened to tight specification, plus standard percentages of liquid asphalt for that mix. The cost benefit there comes from the lower energy input.v